Q: How do you know when it’s time to harvest?
A: Two main factors, maturity of the crop and percent moisture in the grain (corn) and oilseed (soybeans). Each crop has stages of maturity. For example, corn must reach “black layer” to be fully matured. A black layer forms at the base of the corn kernel stopping all growth. The kernel then begins to dry down. The plant itself will begin to dry as well, with the leaves and stalk brown, dry, and crispy. Ideal moisture of corn kernels is 15%. Moisture is tested with a special device that weighs the kernels per volume to calculate moisture. At 15% moisture corn can be stored for long periods of time without degrading its quality. We may choose to harvest at higher moisture percentages and dry the grains down to 15% moisture. Doing this allows us to get their full crop harvested during a short window. Weather plays a big factor in when and where crops can be harvested during the season.
Krista Lottinville grows corn and soybeans with her family near Sheldon. She also works for a cooperative educational-service program that helps Illinois farmers with business management decisions.
See more: Ask a Farmer: What lessons did you learn as a result of COVID-19?
